Introduzzjoni: Hemm rabta indispensabbli fir-riċerka medika, jiġifieri, esperimenti fuq l-annimali. Skont statistika mhux kompluta, miljuni ta 'annimali madwar id-dinja kollha jaqgħu vittmi ta' esperimenti xjentifiċi kull sena. Għalkemm tinstema’ mdemmija, huwa wkoll proċess li jrid jgħaddi minnu l-iżvilupp mediku. Madankollu, bl-iżvilupp tat-teknoloġija tal-bijoprinting 3D f'dawn l-aħħar snin, xi kostruzzjonijiet bioprinted huma mistennija li jiksbu sostituzzjoni funzjonali ta 'tessut ħaj, u gradwalment jiksbu l-iskop li jissostitwixxu esperimenti fuq l-annimali.
△In 2014, about 400,000 mice died in the laboratory
18 ta' Frar 2022 Proġett iffinanzjat mill-Unjoni Ewropea (UE)-qed ifittex li jnaqqas l-ittestjar fuq l-annimali fir-riċerka medika sperimentali permezz tal-bijostampar 3D. Ikkoordinat mill-Istitut tal-Bijoinġinerija tal-Katalunja (IBEC), il-proġett BRIGHTER (Bioprinting by Photolithography: Complex Tissue Engineering at High Resolution and Speed) qed jiżviluppa approċċi ġodda ġodda għall-inġinerija tat-tessuti u proċessi ta’ bioprinting 3D tal-mediċina riġenerattiva biex jitnaqqas l-użu tat-tassidermija f’ dawn iż-żoni. Ta 'nota partikolari, il-proġett jiffoka fuq il-fabbrikazzjoni tal-ġilda tal-bniedem bl-użu ta' teknika ġdida ta 'bijostampar ibbażata fuq folji tad-dawl tal-lejżer b'disinji.
Professor Elena Martinez, coordinator of the BRIGHTER project, said: "Our innovative 3D bioprinting system not only achieves tissue closer to the real thing, but is also much faster than current systems, an essential factor in ensuring the viability of new tissue."
△ A small square containing a matrix of skin cells. Photo via IBEC.
It-tnaqqis tal-ittestjar fuq l-annimali bl-istampar 3D
It-teknoloġija tal-bijostampar 3D avvanzat b'mod leaps u limiti matul l-aħħar għaxar snin, bi passi kbar fl-iżvilupp ta' tessuti vijabbli speċifiċi tal-pazjent-. Filwaqt li dawn l-iżviluppi huma wegħda għal provi ta 'effikaċja fil-ġejjieni, it-tessuti għadhom fil-biċċa l-kbira sperimentali, u l-provi tad-droga tal-bniedem huma għexieren ta' snin 'il bogħod. Madankollu, kemm l-akkademja kif ukoll l-industrija qed jaħdmu biex ibiddlu dan, bil-produttur Svediż tal-bijoprinter CELLINK iwiegħed li javvanza r-riċerka tiegħu f’mudelli ta’ test taċ-ċelluli li ma jagħmlux ħsara lill-annimali u juża mudelli tal-ġilda minjatura fl-Università ta’ Stuttgart biex jittestja l-effikaċja tal-mediċini tal-kanċer bil-ħsieb li Jelimina. ittestjar fuq l-annimali.
Elsewhere, Fluicell's Biopixlar platform has produced highly complex neural models that show potential for future clinical drug screening applications, while UpNano's NanoOne Bio system is focusing on the fabrication of cell culture microstructures that may have Helps reduce the number of animal experiments behind clinical trials.
△CELLINK has acquired in vitro technology specialist MatTek to create a harmless drug testing model. Photo via MatTek.
Alternattiva aktar umana għall-ittestjar fuq l-annimali
In addition to IBEC, the Goethe University Frankfurt, the Technion Center in Israel and the biotechnology companies Mycronic and Cellendes are also participating in the BRIGHTER project. The program hopes to overcome many of the technical barriers that currently limit the fabrication of complex human tissue. The partners are collaborating on the development of a novel light-sheet bioprinting process capable of producing complex and accurate in vitro models that can be used for cosmetic and drug testing in the pharmaceutical industry and research settings. To fine-tune the technology, the BRIGHTER team is working to 3D print human skin, a highly complex tissue composed of multiple cell types and structures, such as sweat glands and hair follicles. Hydrogels will form a key component of the bioprinting process, as they form the basis for cells to grow and form new tissues, and they can also be personalized using a patient's own cells. To print skin with the desired structure, shape, and consistency, the researchers are using advanced imaging techniques that combine illumination from light sheets and high-resolution digital masks. By applying the laser directly to the hydrogel, the cells within it can be "patterned" and shaped into the right shape, allowing the team to control the stiffness, shape and size of the 3D printed structures.
The ability to shape hydrogels at a high level is especially critical for successfully printing human skin, because this tissue is made up of many layers of cells of different types. According to the BRIGHTER team, their bioprinting process was also able to create the blood vessels of the printed tissue and enable the function of sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as hair follicles to grow hair. Dr Nuria Torras, a postdoctoral researcher at IBEC, said: "We hope to be able to print a skin sample with an area of 1 square centimeter and a thickness of 1 mm in about 10 minutes with a cell viability rate of over 95 percent , greatly improving current bioprinting conditions. "The BRIGHTER project hopes that successful printing of the in vitro skin model will validate its potential for use in pharmaceutical and research settings, and ultimately reduce animal testing for drug and cosmetic testing.
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